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Forward lessons: Derivative pricing: How to calculate the value of a forward contract in Excel

How to calculate the value of a forward contract in Excel Value of a long forward contract (continuous)

The value of a long forward contract with no known income and where the risk free rate is compounded on a continuous basis is given by the following equation:

f = S0 – Ke-rT

Where

S0 is the spot price

T is the remaining time to maturity

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Forward Rate Calculations: Forward Rate Agreements and Forward Foreign Exchange Rates

How to calculate the values of Forward Rate Agreements (FRA)

We are valuing an FRA for someone who is receiving fixed interest rate payments and who is paying floating interest rate payments.

Value of an FRA (zero coupon rate calculated on a discrete basis)

Where, L is the principal amount

RK is the fixed interest rate

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More Forward Rates Lessons: How to calculate Forward Rates – Calculations walk through

How to determine Spot Rates and Forward Rates & Yield to Maturity How to determine Forward Rates from Spot Rates

The relationship between spot and forward rates is given by the following equation:

ft-1, 1=(1+st)t ÷ (1+st-1)t-1 -1

Where

st is the t-period spot rate

ft-1,t is the forward rate applicable for the period (t-1,t)

If the 1-year…

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Computational Finance: Basics: Calculating forward prices in Excel – Part I

 

How to calculate the forward price of a security in Excel Forward Price of a security with no income

Forward Price of a security with no income is given by the formula S0ert.

For example if S0 , the spot price, of the asset is 100. The time to delivery in the forward contract is 6 months (or 0.5 years) and the annual risk free rate is…

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Asset Liability Management – Earnings at Risk

Earnings-at-Risk (EAR) is computed in order to evaluate the impact of interest rate change on earnings. The approach used is a VaR based approach that takes into account non-parallel shifts in the term structure and its impact on the earnings portfolio of the bank. The balance sheet items to be included in the calculation are those which are interest rate sensitive and generate income or expense cash flows. For…

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Asset Liability Management – Fall in Market Value of Equity

Fall in market value of equity (MVE) depicts a change in the market value of equity due to changes in market values of assets and liabilities. The respective change in assets and liabilities is computed from the interest rate shock derived, based on the value at risk (VaR) approach.

Step 1: Determine look back period

Determine the period over which the risk is to be evaluated. For illustration purposes let us…

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Market Risk Metrics – Jensen’s Alpha

Jensen’s Alpha is the risk-adjusted performance metric that measures a portfolio manager’s returns against those of a benchmark. For asset allocation, the portfolio consists of the instrument (e.g. equity stock) being analyzed and the benchmark is a broad market index (e.g. S&P 500) – in other words we are assessing the instrument’s returns against those of a broad market index. We are measuring the instrument’s performance relative to the…

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Market Risk Metrics – Beta with respect to market indices

Beta is a quantitative measure of the volatility or systematic risk of a given instrument (e.g. equity) to that of the portfolio to which the instrument is a part. It is a correlation measure of the non-diversifiable risk of the instrument in relation to the market.

In the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) formulation, the portfolio is the market portfolio that contains all the risky assets. Usually for calculation purposes…

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Market Risk Metrics – Holding Period Return

The Holding Period Return represents the return earned by an instrument (e.g. an equity stock) over the time that it is held by an entity or alternatively over the period of analysis. A positive return indicates that the value of the instrument has grown in excess of its principal amount (i.e. the price or value of the instrument at the beginning of the analysis period). A negative return indicates…

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Market Risk Metrics – Introduction

Market risk is the risk that movements in market prices will adversely impact the value of an investment. There are four principal categories of market risk or risk factors: equity risk, interest rate risk, currency risk and commodity risk. Exposure to market risk for a particular entity is based on:

Volatility of the underlying risk factors The entity’s portfolio’s sensitivity to this volatility

We may assess volatility or alternatively the riskiness of…

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