Tag archives for Credit Risk

Credit Risk and Counterparty Limits: Pre-settlement Risk and Settlement Risk

Credit Risk Limits PSR Limits

Pre-settlement risk (PSR) is the risk that a counterparty to a transaction, such as a forward contract, will not settle or honour his/ her end of the deal.

PSR limits are based on the worst case loss that is likely to occur if the counterparty defaults prior to the settlement of the transaction. The worst case loss assumes an adverse movement in the price/ rate, a client…

Premium Courses Monte Carlo Simulation – Commodity – Example$8.99Cross Selling Treasury Products$199.00Black Derman Toy Model Construction – EXCEL Example$64.99ALM – Crash Course – EXCEL Examples$59.00

...Click here to read more »

Collateral Valuation: Credit Risk: Termination or the extinguishing of Security Interest

Previously we discussed the creation, perfection and enforcement of security interest in collateral. In this post we will consider the situations where and the manner in which security interest is terminated. We will also consider the disadvantages to the lender of holding on to security interest and collateral after full repayment of debt has been made.

Termination or the extinguishing of Security Interest

When the debt has been fully repaid by…

Premium Courses Derivatives Terminology Crash Course$7.99Quant Crash Course$199.00Calculating Value at Risk (VaR) - Package$77.00Crude Oil Mispricing model$199.00

...Click here to read more »

Collateral Valuation: Credit Risk: Enforcement of Security Interest

Earlier we discussed the creation and perfection of security interest in collateral. In this post we will look at the methods used for enforcing security interest when a default event or breach of security agreement occurs and how the proceeds recovered from collateral are applied.

Enforcement of Security Interest

After a default event occurs, such as a breach in the terms and conditions of a security agreement by the borrower or…

Premium Courses Heath Jarrow Merton – HJM 3 – Factor Interest Rate Model$99.00Calibration of CIR Model – EXCEL Example$39.99Corporate Finance – First Course – Includes case study$17.49Black Derman Toy Model Construction – EXCEL Example$64.99

...Click here to read more »

Collateral Valuation: Credit Risk: Collateral Management of Security Interest

Earlier we discussed the creation and perfection of security interest in collateral. It is also important that collateral be properly managed. The post below discusses two elements of collateral management.

Collateral Management

Collateral Management broadly encompasses two risk management concepts: 

Credit Risk Management (CRM) Safeguarding the enforceability of security interest a. Credit Risk Management

In terms of CRM, collateral management is part of maintaining the Credit File of the borrower, ensuring that proper records are…

Premium Courses Introduction to Financial Modelling$49.00Sample Counterparty Limit Proposal$154.49Black-Derman-Toy (BDT) Interest Rate Model - Package$125.00Option Pricing using Binomial Trees$199.00

...Click here to read more »

Collateral Valuation: Credit Risk: Security Interest – creation and perfection

Earlier we discussed collateral, collateral law and collateral valuation approaches. However for collateral to be effective the lender must have a security interest in it. This post discusses how security interest in collateral is created and perfected.

A security interest grants the lender the right to sell some property of the borrower in order to use the sales proceeds to settle the borrower’s outstanding debt. It ensures that the lender…

Premium Courses Derivatives Pricing - Package$40.00Monte Carlo Simulator with Historical Returns$199.00Crude Oil Mispricing model$199.00Credit Analysis – First Course$11.99

...Click here to read more »

Collateral Valuation: Credit Risk: Approaches for other assets

In this post we briefly look at the valuation methodologies used for assets other than real estate.

Collateral Valuation approaches for other assets i. Farm Product and Inventory

Such collateral is valued on a market price basis. In determining the value the appraiser will consider or undertake the following: 

Interview major buyers Review dealer listings and market sales reports The liquidity in the market The market size The volatility in the market The nature of the products, whether… Premium Courses Basel III – Liquidity Framework$41.49Monte Carlo Simulation - Package$18.00Pricing IRS – Module I – Term Structures EXCEL Example$13.99ICAAP – Overview & Core Concepts$59.00

...Click here to read more »

Collateral Valuation: Credit Risk: Cost Approach for real estate

The Cost Approach is another valuation methodology for real estate. The post provides a step by step process of how the Cost approach works and presents situations where it should or should not be used. It also covers the type of data and data sources used for carrying out the analysis.

Cost Approach a. Methodology

The value of the property is equal to the Cost of the Land + the Current cost…

Premium Courses Setting Counterparty Limits$69.00Calculating VaR – EXCEL Example$13.99Option Pricing using Monte Carlo Simulation$199.00Individual subscription$699.00

...Click here to read more »

Collateral Valuation: Credit Risk: Income Capitalization Approach for real estate

The Income Capitalization Approach is another valuation methodology for real estate. The post provides a step by step process of how the income capitalization approach works and presents situations where it should or should not be used. It also covers the type of data and data sources used for carrying out the analysis.

Income Capitalization Approach a. Methodology

The income capitalization approach follows the steps below: 

Step 1: Estimate the annual gross income

One…

Premium Courses Credit Analysis & Credit Process - Package$49.00Risk Frameworks & Applications – 2nd Edition$140.00Credit Analysis - Financial Institution$25.59How to utilize results of a Black Derman Toy Model – EXCEL Example$42.99

...Click here to read more »

Collateral Valuation: Credit Risk: Sales Comparison Approach for real estate

Sales Comparison Approach

The Sales comparison approach is an estimation methodology for valuing real estate. The post details how the sales comparison approach works and presents situations where it should or should not be used.

a. Methodology

The sales comparison approach provides a good estimate of the value of the property when the property to be valued is similar to properties which have been recently sold within the same city, town or…

Premium Courses Monte Carlo Simulation – Commodity – Example$8.99Risk Frameworks & Applications – 2nd Edition$140.00Building Maturity & Liquidity Profiles for Deposits and Advances$149.00ALM – Crash Course$59.00

...Click here to read more »

Collateral Valuation: Credit Risk: Real Estate Valuation Approaches

We discuss the two-step process of real estate valuations in this post. We also briefly review the criteria that appraisers use for selecting the most appropriate valuation approach.

There are two basic steps in the valuation of real estate: 

The first step involves estimating a price/ rent/ cost per square meter/ feet (or other acceptable unit of measure) of the property. This may be carried out using either one or more…

Premium Courses Cross Selling Treasury Products$199.00Pitching for Startups$0.00Quant Crash Course$199.00Pricing Ladder Options using a Monte Carlo Simulator$22.00

...Click here to read more »